6. Summary

This learning module investigated different theoretical and practical approaches for dealing with controversiality in the context of virtual exchange projects. Based on experiences and research from specific implementations of multilateral VE projects between participants in Germany and Israel in 2021 and 2023, the module focused on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as a specific example of a highly contentious issue with global ramifications. Of course, when consulting relevant frameworks that seek to offer guidance for the world we hope to inhabit (such as the UN SDGs), numerous other examples for tough topics can be found; ranging from questions of responsible consumption and production to adequate responses to the climate crisis.
As VE projects inherently seek to provide opportunities for co-creation of knowledge and collaboration across lingua-cultural differences, they come with inherent degrees of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. This module has shown you a small selection of ways for fostering tolerance of ambiguity, introducing a multiplicity of voices and perspectives to your classroom materials, and to craft challenging yet respectful discussion spaces.
8. Activity:
Take another look at your initial thoughts on how ready you feel to face unforeseen disputes and controversial debates in a VE project. Having completed the learning module, ask yourself if you feel better equipped for such events.
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All illustrations on this page by @storyset (https://www.freepik.com/author/stories)
This work © 2025 by Fabian Krengel is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0